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Int. j. morphol ; 31(4): 1439-1443, Dec. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702330

ABSTRACT

Neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol has side effects on extrapyramidal pathways. Tardive Dyskinesia is the most important complication. The most characteristic feature of this Tardive Dyskinesia is involuntary movements of mouth and face. In regard to this problem, the induction of gliosis and cell death in the nervous tissue are considered. In this study, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used as experimental models. Rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The rats were kept in the animal house under standard conditions during experiments. The control rats were intraperitoneally treated with normal saline for 6 days. The experimental samples were treated for the same time with 2, 5 and 10 mg haloperidol. After the trial period, the rats were killed following general anesthesia and their brains were removed after perfusion with a 4 percent formalin solution. Then, 1 mm cuts of the brains were obtained. After that, 5 um tissue sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The stained sections were examined by optical microscopy. The results showed that the short-term use of haloperidol does not lead to gliosis process in the rat cerebral cortex. The short-term use of 10 mg haloperidol results in cell death in the rat cerebral cortex. Cell death was not observed in the control group and the groups that had received 2 mg and 5 mg doses of haloperidol. According to previous studies, it can be concluded that the gliosis process is induced in the cerebral cortex only following the long-term use of haloperidol. It is considered as a secondary cause of the neuroleptic drugs side effects. The primary cause of these side effects is the induction of cell death in neurons.


Los fármacos neurolépticos como el haloperidol tiene efectos secundarios sobre las vías extrapiramidales. La discinesia tardía es la complicación más importante. El rasgo más característico de esta discinesia tardía son movimientos involuntarios de la boca y cara. En lo que respecta a este problema, se consideran la inducción de gliosis y muerte celular en el tejido nervioso. En este estudio, fueron utilizados ratas Sprague - Dawley adultas como modelos experimentales. Las ratas se dividieron en grupos control y experimentales, y se mantuvieron en condiciones estándar durante los experimentos. Las ratas control fueron tratadas por vía intraperitoneal con solución salina normal durante 6 días, y las experimentales durante el mismo tiempo con 2 , 5 y 10 mg de haloperidol. Luego, las ratas se sacrificaron y sus cerebros se extrajeron después de la perfusión con una solución de formalina al 4 por ciento, obteniendo cortes de 1 mm de los cerebros. Se prepararon y se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina en secciones de tejido de 5 micras, y se examinaron por microscopía óptica. Se observó que el uso a corto plazo del haloperidol no conduce a proceso de gliosis en la corteza cerebral de rata. El uso a corto plazo de 10 mg de haloperidol produjo muerte celular en la corteza cerebral de rata. La muerte celular no se observó en el grupo control ni en los grupos que habían recibido 2 y 5 mg de haloperidol. De acuerdo con estudios anteriores, se concluye que el proceso de gliosis se induce en la corteza cerebral sólo tras el uso a largo plazo de exposición al haloperidol. Se considera como una causa secundaria de los efectos adversos de los fármacos neurolépticos. La principal causa de estos efectos secundarios, es la inducción de muerte celular en neuronas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cerebral Cortex , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Cell Death , Apoptosis , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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